List of Functions and Directives

Controls where code is emitted by the CxcBuilder

Defines a user-defined command or translation directive.

Defines symbolic constants or pseudofunctions

Generates a compiler error and displays an error message

Compiles code depending on evaluation of expression

Compiles code when a symbol is defined

Compiles code when a symbol is not defined

Inserts the contents of an Include file into a source code file

Controls page behaviour

Activates or deactivates compiler switches during compile time

Controls display of code in the source code editor

Generates a compiler message and sends it to the standard output device

Undefines a #define directive

Defines user-defined commands or translation directive

Enlarges an array by one element.

Determines the absolute value of a numeric expression.

Displays and allows selection from a list box.

Creates a complete copy of a single or multi-dimensional array().

Copies elements of an array into another array

Delete an element from an array.

Fills a set of arrays with information about a directory.

Executes a code block for each array element.

Fills a set of arrays with information about the fields in a work area.

Fills elements in an array with a single value.

Inserts an element into an array and optionally assigns a value to it.

Displays a modal dialog box.

Returns the alias name for a work area.

Removing leading and trailing blank spaces from a character string.

Command the Debugger to set a breakpoint

Returns the desktop window

Reads the next event and removes it from the event queue.

Determines and optionally changes the state of keys.

Determines the name of the EXE file

Returns the operating mode that an application is running in.

Removes one or more elements from an array.

Creates an array with the specified dimensions.

Converts a character to its numeric ASCII code.

Searches an array for a specified value.

Changes the number of elements in an array.

Sorts the elements of an array.

Determines first position of a substring within a character string.

Retrieves the contents of the last element in an array.

Requests the license key of a COM/ActiveX component

Translates a COM/ActiveX color value to an Xbase++ color and vice versa

Query or set the ADS locking scheme.

Decryption of a previously encrypted table.

Encryption of a table.

Decryption of a previously encrypted string.

Encryption of a string.

Determine if the current record is encrypted.

Query or set the security method used to open or create files.

Sets the password used for encryption/decryption operations.

Determine whether the current database file is encrypted.

Calculates the result of a bitwise AND operation.

Decodes a base64 encoded string.

Converts a string to a base64 encoded string.

Converts a 64 bit IEEE floating point number to a numeric value.

Converts a signed 16 bit integer to a numeric value.

Converts a 32 bit signed integer (long) to a numeric value.

Copies a binary string to a memory address.

Transforms the passed string to a "quoted-printable" encoded string.

Converts a 32 bit unsigned integer to a numeric value.

Transforms a string to a "Bin2UUEd" string.

Converts the return value of Var2Bin() back to the original value.

Converts a 16 bit unsigned integer to a numeric value.

Determines the name of the EXE or DLL.

Determine whether the beginning of the file was reached.

Calculates the result of a bitwise OR operation.

Interrupts execution of the current thread.

Displays data records from a work area in a window.

Calculates the result of a bitwise XOR operation.

Converts a date value into the weekday name.

Center an Xbase Part within another object.

Lists the certificate stores available on the computer.

Selects the certificate for server and/or client usage.

Convert a character string to a hash value

Convert an OEM/ANSI encoded character string to an UTF-8 encoded character string

Converts a string into a value of a requested data type.

Converts a numeric ASCII code to a character.

Creates a class dynamically (the class object).

Removes the class object of a dynamic class from memory.

Retrieves the class object of any class.

Converts a date value into name of the month.

Returns the first non NIL/NULL expression among its arguments.

Returns the first non empty expression among its arguments.

Determines column position of the screen cursor in the active window.

Activate a color value from the current color settings.

Evaluate a collection of COM/ActiveX objects

Returns error code after calling GetObject() or CreateObject()

Returns error message after calling GetObject() or CreateObject()

Displays text in a graphic box and accepts user input via pushbuttons.

Converts a character string to an ANSI code page

Converts a character string to an OEM code page

Creates a directory

Creates and returns a reference to a COM/ActiveX component.

Converts a date character string to a date value.

Determines or changes the current directory of a drive.

Determines or changes the current directory of the process.

Determines or changes the current drive.

Returns a spezialized SQL statement class object

Retrieves system date.

Returns the day of a date value as a numeric value.

Creates a new record.

Inserts a record into a table

Attaches an arbitrary value to a used work area

Clears the filter setting in a work area.

Closes all index files in a work area.

Clears all current relations in a work area.

Clears the top and/or bottom scope

Returns a list of the Xbase Parts registered in a work area.

Closes all files in all work areas.

Closes files in a work area.

Writes file buffers in a work area into the files.

Writes file buffers in all work areas into files.

Continues a sequential search defined by DbLocate().

Copies the field structure from a work area into a structure extended file.

Creates a file with the same structure as the file open in a work area.

Generates a database file from a file structure array.

Creates and opens an empty structure extended file.

Creates and opens a new file from a structure extended file.

Creates an index file in a work area.

Marks record as deleted.

Removes an Xbase Part from a work area's list of registered Xbase Parts.

Checks if the order for navigation is descending

Permanently deletes a table

Assembles and loads a compound database engine (DBE) from loaded component DBEs.

Browses records in a work area.

Sets or returns the settings of a database engine.

Returns the loaded database engines (DBE).

Loads a database engine (DBE).

Sets or returns the current database engine (DBE).

Removes a loaded database engine (DBE) from main memory.

Evaluates a code block for each record in a work area.

Exports data from a work area into a new file.

Returns the alias name of the current work area.

Returns the filter condition currently set for a work area.

Sets the record pointer to the last logical record.

Moves the record pointer to a percent position in a work area

Positions the record pointer to a specific record.

Sets the record pointer to the first logical record.

Imports data from a file into a work area.

Sets or returns information about a work area (database object).

Retrieves the code block associated with a work area.

Combines records from two work areas and writes the result to a new file.

Displays records from a work area.

Defines a condition for a sequential search and performs the search.

Checks if a table lock is set.

Physically removes records marked as deleted from a file.

Returns the position of the record pointer as a percent value

Removes deletion flag for a record (recalls the record).

Forces refresh of all internal cache buffers of current work area

Registers an object to receive messages from a work area.

Rebuilds open index files in a work area.

Returns the linking expression of a relation.

Transfers an alias name from the current work space into the Zero space.

Transfers an alias name from the Zero space into the current work space.

Reactivates notifications being sent from a work area to registered objects.

Returns a list of relation names defined for child work areas.

Locks records for write access when file is open in SHARED mode.

Determines which records are locked in a work area.

Determines the index tag of a child work area.

Resumes a suspended relational restriction in a child work area.

Executes a roll back operation on the current table row.

Returns the child work area of a relation.

Suspends a relational restriction in a child work area.

Release record locks in a work area.

Checks if a scope is set in a work area.

Positions the record pointer to a record based on the value of an index expression

Selects a work area.

Retrieves the DacSession object of the current work area.

Reverses the navigational order of a work area.

This function is not supported in Xbase++ (see DbeSetDefault()).

Sets a filter condition for a work area.

Returns or sets the status of the function Found()

Opens an index file in a work area.

Toggles NULL/NIL value support of a work area

Sets the controlling index in a work area.

Creates a relation (link) between two work areas.

Sets scope values for logical or physical orders.

Positions the record pointer relative to the current record.

Skipper function for a XbpBrowse or TBrowse object using database files as the data source.

Sorts records from a work area and writes them into a file.

Generates an array containing the structure data for a database file.

Temporarily suspends notifications being sent from a work area to registered objects.

Totals data from numeric fields of a work area into a second file.

Releases record and file locks in a work area.

Releases all file and record locks in all work areas.

Updates the current work area with data from another work area.

Opens a database file in a work area.

Deletes all records in a work area.

Determines whether a record is marked as deleted.

Gives an inverted index key value for sorting in descending order.

Outputs a value to the current output device.

Outputs a value with a picture format to the current output device.

Positions the cursor or print head.

Fills an array with information about the files in a specified path.

Determines the storage space available on a drive.

Initiates the buffering of screen output.

Displays a box on the screen.

Determines the number of pending DispEnd() calls.

Displays buffered screen output.

Displays a value on the screen or in the active window.

Displays a value on the screen without changing the cursor position.

Calls a DLL function dynamically at runtime.

Calls a function from a dynamically loaded DLL using a call-template.

Retrieves runtime information about loaded DLLs.

Loads a DLL file dynamically during runtime.

Prepares a call to a DLL function and creates a call-template.

Unloads a previously loaded DLL.

Retrieves the last operating system error code.

Retrieves the textual description of an operating system error code.

Converts a date value to a numeric weekday.

Converts a date value to a character string.

Converts a date value to a Julian date.

Converts a date value to a character string in the format YYYYMMDD.

Tests whether an expression returns an empty value.

Toggles automatic clipping in a text mode window.

Determines whether the end of file was reached.

Defines a code block to execute if a runtime error occurs.

Sets the return code for an Xbase++ application.

Generates a new object of the error class.

Executes the program code contained in a code block.

Appends a string to the operating system's event log.

Calculates the value of e to the power of x

Converts a numeric value to a 64 bit IEEE floating point number.

Retrieves or modifies file attributes.

Closes an open binary file.

Determines the number of fields in the DBF file open in a work area.

Creates a new file or sets the length of an existing file to zero.

Deletes a file.

Retrieves the error code after completion of a low level file function.

Determines whether the specified file exists.

Creates a set/get code block for a database field.

Determines the value of a field in the current record of a work area.

Sets or returns the settings for a field.

Return a field name from a work area.

Returns the position of a field in a work area.

Copies a value into a field of the current record in a work area.

Creates a set/get code block for a field in a specific work area.

Determines whether the specified file exists.

Determines the identifier for a function key.

Retrieves the number of function keys.

Locks a database file opened as SHARED for write access.

Opens a file at the operating system level.

Determines whether the last search operation was successful.

Reads a character string from a file into a memory variable.

Reads a character string from a file stopping at an occurrence of Chr(0).

Changes the name of a file.

Decodes a base64 encoded string.

Decodes a "quoted-printable" encoded string.

Positions the file pointer within a file.

Determines and optionally sets the size of a file.

Writes a character string into an open file.

Returns the Get object that has input focus.

Retrieves the global application object.

Applies the key code result of Inkey() to the current Get object.

Retrieve a cgi string from a HtmlFormElement object

Executes a code block during input to a Get object.

Determines if AppEvent() or Inkey() is used by the Get system.

Retrieves the contents of an operating system environment variable.

Implements the default READ behavior of a single Get object for the event code returned by AppEvent().

Applies events to the active Get object.

Removes input focus from the active Get object.

Returns a reference to the GetList array being used by ReadModal().

Returns the position of the active Get object within the GetList array.

Query the number of available logical processors on the machine

Generates an object of the Get class.

Returns a reference to an existing COM/ActiveX component.

Get parent form of an Xbase Part.

Determines the position of the mouse pointer.

Performs data validation after data input to a Get object.

Tests whether a Get object is permitted to gain input focus.

Implements the standard READ behavior of a single Get object for the key codes returned by the function Inkey().

Moves the screen cursor to the location in the active Get object editing buffer at which the left mouse button was clicked.

Creates a unique name for a file.

Gets the position and dimension a window restores to.

Draws a circle, arc, or ellipse.

Draw the background of an Xbase Part.

Copies section of a raster image into a presentation space (bit-blitting).

Draws rectangle.

Draws a caption.

Draws parts of a rectangle.

Determines the error code of the last graphic function called.

Draws a rectangle using imagery that denotes input focus.

Calculates color intensities for red, green and blue from a RGB color value.

Draws a shape filled with a gradient.

Checks if a numeric value is a valid RGB color value.

Draws a straight line or a portion of a polygon.

Calculates a RGB color value from color intensities of red, green and blue.

Displays a marker (point).

Begins definition of a graphic path.

Defines graphic path as a clipping path.

Ends the definition of a graphic path.

Fills a defined graphic path with a pattern.

Outlines a defined graphic path.

Determines pen position or moves pen.

Determines coordinates for the boundaries of a character string.

Calculates a rotational transformation for a matrix.

Calculates scaling transformation for a matrix.

Ends the definition of a graphic segment.

Deletes a specific graphic segment.

Draws one or more graphic segments.

Sets or retrieves drawing mode for graphic segments.

Identifies graphic segment based on a given point in the coordinate system.

Load a graphic segment from disk

Begins the definition of a graphic segment.

Determines size of the sensitive region around the mouse pointer used to search for segments.

Changes priority of a graphic segment in relation to a second segment.

Save a graphic segment to disk

Determines attributes for areas which are drawn by GraArc() or GraBox()

Determines attributes for lines which are drawn with GraLine().

Determines attributes for markers which are drawn by GraMarker().

Determines attributes for characters drawn by GraStringAt().

Determines default colors for all graphic functions.

Determines font for the display of characters drawn by GraStringAt().

Draws spline (curve).

Displays character string using a graphic function.

Calculates translation (shift) transformation for a matrix.

Replaces soft returns in a character string with hard returns.

Determines the length of the file header of an opened DBF file.

Converts a numeric value to 16 bit integer.

Returns the result of an expression dependent on a logical expression.

Returns the default extension for index file names.

Returns the index expression of an index file.

Returns the ordinal position of the controlling index in a work area.

Reads the next character in the keyboard buffer and removes it from the buffer.

Converts a numeric value to an integer numeric value.

Tests whether a character string begins with a letter.

Checks whether a certificate is available on the computer.

Tests whether a color graphic card is installed.

Check if workarea is encrypted

Checks whether an application is controlled by the Xbase++ debugger.

Tests whether a character string begins with a digit.

Checks if a symbolic name indicates a field variable

Checks if a symbolic name indicates the name of a function or procedure

Tests whether a character string begins with a lower case letter.

Checks if an object has a particular member variable

Checks if a symbolic name indicates a dynamic memory variable

Checks if an object has a particular method

Tests if an expression evaluates to NULL/NIL.

Determines whether pen input is supported by the system.

Determines whether a printer is ready.

Tests whether visual Styles are enabled.

Determines whether a touch digitizer is installed in the system.

Determine whether a character string has Unicode format.

Tests whether a character string begins with an upper case letter.

Converts JSON text to a value of the corresponding data type.

Converts JSON text to a character string.

Converts a character string to JSON text.

Converts a Julian date to a date value.

Converts a numeric value to 32 bit integer.

Determines the last event removed from the event queue.

Retrieves the Inkey() value of last key pressed.

Returns a value which clearly identifies the last record in a work area.

Converts a locale string into a value of a requested data type.

Extracts part of a character string starting with the first character.

Determines the length of a character string or an array.

Determines if a character expression matches another character expression.

Loads a document from a Web server.

Loads a resource from a linked resource file or from a DLL.

Configures data used by internal locale subsystems

Calculates the natural logarithm of a numeric value.

Converts upper case letters in a character string into lower case letters.

Removes blank spaces at the beginning of a character string.

Returns the date of the last change to a database file.

Determines the larger of two numeric or two date values.

Determines the maximum (rightmost) visible screen column on the screen or in a window.

Determines the maximum (bottom) visible screen row on screen or in a window.

Create a character string from a memory address.

Displays and/or edits text or memo fields.

Extracts text lines from a character string or from a memo field.

Reads the contents of a file from disk.

Retrieves statistics about available memory.

Replaces hard and soft returns in a character string or memo field.

Writes a character string or a memo field into a file.

Creates a set/get code block for PRIVATE or PUBLIC variables.

Determines the number of microseconds that have elapsed since the last machine startup.

Determines the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since midnight.

Determines the smaller of two numeric or two date values.

Determines the number of lines in a character string or memo field.

Determines the position of a character in a formatted character string.

Determines starting position of the specified line in a formatted character string.

Determines the modulus of two numbers in the same manner as dBASE III PLUS.

Converts a date value into the numeric calender month.

Determines the row and column position from a character position.

Displays a message in a graphic dialog window.

Determines whether an error in a network command has occurred.

This function does not exist in Xbase++.

Retrieves the next event without removing it from the event queue.

Reads the next key value from the keyboard buffer without removing it.

This function is not supported by Xbase++.

Returns a NIL/NULL value if the two specified expression values are equivalent

Determines the number of buttons on the mouse.

Displays the ODBC administrator dialog

Returns current state of ODBCDBE related settings

Retrieves SQL keywords of the current data source.

Retrieves or sets the file name of the ODBC trace mode

Retrieves or sets the low-level trace mode of the ODBC driver manager.

Write the OdbcDebug() results to a file

Returns the default extension for index file names.

Returns the filename of the file containing an index.

Sets the conditions used to create indexes with OrdCreate().

Determines the number of open indexes in a work area.

Creates an index in an index file.

Deletes one or more indexes

Returns the FOR condition of an index.

Sets or returns information about an order/index

Checks if an order is an candidate order

Checks if a order is a Custom order.

Checks if an index is created in descending order

Checks if a order is a SubIndex order

Checks if an index is unique

Returns the index expression of an index.

Manually add key value to a custom order

Determines the relative logical record number of the current data record within the indexed database.

Manually remove key value from a custom order

Determines a list of all tag names relating to the current work area.

Activate one or more indexes in a work area.

Closes all index files in a work area.

Rebuilds open index files in a work area.

Returns the index name from the list of open indexes.

Returns the position of an index in the index list based on the index name.

Transforms an existing order to a custom order for manual key manipulation

Sets the controlling index in a work area.

Search for a single or subset of records matching a specific wildcard pattern.

Returns the name of the operating system.

Outputs a list of expressions to the standard error device.

Outputs a list of expressions to the standard output device.

Pads a character string, date or numeric value with fill characters

Determines column position of the print head.

Determines the number of arguments passed to a function or procedure.

Places an event in the event queue.

Returns the textual description of an error code

Splits a multi-line into an array of single lines

Preprocess a whole file

Preprocesses one line

Installs the PreProcessor

Deinstalls the preprocessor

Determines current line number in the source code.

Retrieves a procedure or function name from the call stack.

Determines the row position of the print head.

Determines or changes the value of an argument passed as a parameter.

Displays a list of expressions to the active output device.

Decodes a "quoted-printable" encoded string.

Calculate a random numeric value

Calculates a random character string

Determines the position of last occurrence of a substring within a character string.

Establishes the up arrow key and down arrow key as exit keys for READ.

Reads/sets insertion mode for GET input fields or MemoEdit().

This function is not supported by Xbase++.

Terminates the READ command or ReadModal().

Activates interactive data input for a GetList array.

Reads or sets the Updated status.

Determines name of the current GET or MENU TO variable.

Returns the number of records in a work area.

Returns a value which clearly identifies the current record.

Returns the length of a record in a work area.

Removes a directory

Replicates a character string a specified number of times.

Redisplays screen contents previously saved with SaveScreen().

Extracts part of a character string starting from the end (right).

Locks current record for SHARED write access.

Rounds a numeric value to a specific number of decimal places.

Determines the screen row where the cursor is currently located.

Deletes blank spaces at the end of a character string.

Executes a REXX script file.

Starts a command shell or executes a program.

Saves a screen segment as a character string.

Scrolls up, down, right, or left in a screen area.

Determines the number of seconds that have elapsed since midnight.

Returns the number of a work area based on the alias name.

Changes and/or reads a system setting.

Associates a code block with an event.

Sets or returns the Xbase Part or window which has input focus.

Sets or returns the application window.

Activates or deactivates the Blink attribute for colors in full screen text mode

Sets or returns whether the program can be terminated using Alt+C or Ctrl+Break.

Sets or retrieves the clipping area in a text mode window.

Query current and/or set new active collation for current thread

Query current and/or set user defined collation table for current thread

Reads or sets current color setting for the text mode.

Determines the shape of the cursor on the screen.

Sets the contents of an operating system environment variable.

Associates a code block with a specific key.

Defines or returns lexical rules for the comparison of one or more characters.

Set the identification string used by the function LoadFromUrl.

Retrieve or change country-specific literals, formats or separators

Assign the process to a logical processor unit.

Defines the screen mode as a specific number of rows and columns.

Turns mouse on or off.

Moves the cursor to a new screen position.

Resets the internal counters of the functions PRow() and PCol().

Starts a timer thread which executes a code block at the defined time interval

Create a Shell link object.

Resolves a link object of the Windows Shell.

Explicitely sets idle condition for a thread.

Waits until a connection is present.

Associates a local address with a socket.

Determines whether or not all out-of-band data is read.

Closes an open socket.

Connects a socket to a peer.

Determines the amount of data that can be read from a socket.

Creates a new socket and binds it to a given port.

Removes a socket descriptor from a set of descriptors.

Checks if a socket belongs to a descriptor set.

Adds a socket descriptor to a set of descriptors.

Resets an existing descriptor set to its initial state.

Deletes a set of socket descriptors.

Creates a new descriptor set for sockets.

Access the operating system handle of a socket.

Retrieves host information using an IP address.

Retrieves host information from a host name.

Retrieves the default host name for the local computer.

Retrieves the error code for the last operation that failed.

Retrieves a message from a socket.

Retrieves a socket option.

Retrieves peer information connected to the socket.

Retrieves protocol information from a protocol name.

Retrieves protocol information from a protocol number.

Retrieves internet service information from a service name and protocol.

Retrieves service information from a port number and protocol.

Returns the current name of the specified socket.

Converts a numeric value from host byte order to TCP/IP network byte order.

Converts an internet address formatted as dotted octet string to a numeric IP address.

Converts a numeric internet address in network byte order to a dotted octet string.

Establishes a socket to listen for an incoming connection.

Upgrade a socket connection to an SSL connection.

Creates a new, unbound socket.

Converts a numeric value from TCP/IP network order to host byte order.

Creates a bound socket and connects it to a remote process.

Sends a message to a remote socket.

Receives data from a connected socket.

Receives a datagram and stores the sender's address.

Reads data from a connected socket.

Determines the status of one or more sockets and waits, if necessary.

Sends data to a connected socket.

Sends data to a specific destination.

Enables or disables the blocking mode.

Sets a socket option.

Disables data transfer on a socket.

This function is not supported by Xbase++.

Creates a character string consisting only of blank spaces.

Calculates square root of a positive number.

Converts a character string in the format YYYYMMDD to a date value.

Converts the value of a numeric expression to a character string.

Converts an OEM/ANSI/ASCII character string to a Unicode string.

Replaces characters in a character string or memo field.

Converts a numeric value to a character string with leading zeros.

Inserts and/or deletes characters in a character string.

Extracts a string from a character string.

Retrieves information about registered symbols.

Determines whether the specified table exists.

Processes a key code (Inkey() value) for a TBrowse object.

Generates an object of the TBColumn class (column object).

Processes event codes (such as those returned by the function AppEvent()) for a TBrowse object.

Generates an object of the TBrowse class including navigation code blocks.

Generates an object of the TBrowse class.

Moves TBrowse cursor to the location clicked with the left mouse button.

Retrieves the numeric ID of the current thread.

Retrieves information about existing threads.

Retrieves the Thread object of the current thread.

Waits for the termination of one thread

Waits for the termination of multiple threads

Returns the system time as a formatted character string ("HH:MM:SS").

Converts a string to a base64 encoded string.

Produces a speaker tone with specific tone frequency and duration.

Transforms the passed string to a "quoted-printable" encoded string.

Transforms a value to a formatted character string.

Converts a system color to an RGB-encoded color value.

Deletes blank spaces at the end of a character string.

Determines the data type of an expression.

Converts an unsigned numeric value to a 32 bit integer.

Retrieves the numeric ID of the internal UI thread.

Convert a Unicode to an ANSI-encoded character string.

Determines whether data was changed with a Get object.

Converts lower case letters in a character string to upper case.

Determines whether a file is open in a work area.

Convert an UTF-8 encoded character string to an OEM/ANSI encoded character string

Decodes a string which is uuencoded.

Decodes a string which is Bin2UUEd.

Transforms a string to a "uuencoded" string.

Create a Universally Unique IDentifier

Convert a UUID to its binary representation

Convert a UUID to its readable representation

Converts a number in the form of a character string to a numeric value.

Determines the data type of a value.

Converts any value to a binary character string.

Converts a variable to it's string representation.

Converts an array or object to JSON text.

Converts a variable to it's locale string representation.

Converts any value to an XML-encoded character string.

Determines the Xbase++ version

Converts an unsigned numeric value to a 16 bit integer.

This function is not supported by Xbase++.

Evaluates a code block in all used work areas of a work space

Retrieves alias names of all used work areas in a work space.

Returns the Xbase Part residing at a certain screen position.

Converts an XML-encoded character string back to the original value.

Close an XML document.

Get array of error descriptions.

Get the root tag of an XML document.

Open an XML document.

Create XML document from a string.

Execute action code blocks for all tags.

Releases the action code blocks defined with XMLDocSetAction().

Set action code blocks for specific tags.

Get attribute value of an XML tag.

Get child of XML tag.

Get array of children of an XML tag.

Get parent of XML tag.

Get members of an XML tag node.

The function XmlSimpleParser() parses an XML document or XML fragment.

Extracts the year from a date value as a numeric value.

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